From the moment José Vasconcelos (1882-1959) announced his intention of running for the presidency in 1927, he became a prime target for the communists. Contrary to what one might expect, the philosopher’s hecklers were not seeking strictly ideological answers. For example, there is a distinctly misogynistic tone to the article, which repeatedly discounts Vasconcelos on the grounds of being "the ladies’ candidate," and for receiving support from luminaries such as the "Millionaire Philanthropist" Antonieta Rivas Mercado (1900-1931). The communists frequently resorted to macho tactics to smear their "reactionary" enemies, whether for homosexuality or, as in this case, for being supported by women. Another factor that contributed to widespread disapproval of the Vasconcelos movement was the deep-seated anticlericalism among members of the Mexican Communist Party. In those circles, the philosopher was scorned not just because he was attractive for women but also because of the encouragement received from the Caballeros de Colón [Knights of Columbus] and the "cristeros." On the other hand, if Vasconcelos were indeed seen by his followers as a national messiah, the communists would be justified in feeling threatened by the competition, in the sense that they each considered themselves to be the only ones capable of redeeming Mexican society. Diego Rivera (1886-1957), in his capacity as president of the BOyC, was one of the philosopher-candidate’s main detractors. However, Vasconcelos was not beaten by the BOyC; he was crushed by the steamroller of the new party, the Partido Nacional Revolucionario [National Revolutionary Party].