Topic Descriptor: nationalism×
  • La pintura contemporánea en el Perú
    Rios, Juan, 1914-1991
    1946
    In his introduction, Juan E. Ríos—the author of this overview of Peruvian painting from the first half of the twentieth century—describes Peruvian art as “the creation of a visual equivalent of reality, rather than a mere copy of it” denying [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1293275

  • Szyszlo o acerca de la confluencia de lo abstracto y lo mítico : exposición en la Galería Latinoamericana de la Casa de las Américas
    Alonso, Alejandro G.
    1968
    According to the Cuban journalist, there is “a rich tradition of indigenous art” behind the paintings by Fernando de Szyszlo that were exhibited in Havana: a form of popular art whose roots can be traced back to pre-Hispanic culture in the Andean [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1292994

  • Consideraciones estéticas : Szyszlo en el I. A. C.
    Acha, Juan, 1916-1995
    1963
    Juan Acha discusses the exhibition of Fernando de Szyszlo’s series of paintings inspired by the indigenous poem “Apu Inca Atawallpaman,” an event that was organized by the Instituto de Arte Contemporáneo (IAC) in Lima. Acha finds the [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1292805

  • Sobre el arte en el Perú : necesidad y obligación
    Barreda y Laos, Enrique-Domingo, 1879-1944
    1943
    This is a review of the state of art in the capital city of Peru, written by the academic painter Enrique Domingo Barreda on the occasion of the I Salón organized by the Municipality of Lima. In his opinion, this competition exposed “the appalling [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1289889

  • Verano limeño y arte
    Gallagher de Parks, Mercedes, 1883-
    1943
    This [document is a commentary by] Mercedes Gallagher de Parks on artistic activities in Lima during the summer of 1943, including plays by Louis Jouvet, performances of Coronel de Bassil’s Russian ballet, and concerts by the Sociedad Filarmónica [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1289858

  • José Sabogal está en busqueda del arte del pueblo : un momento de exaltación de las fuerzas del Perú con el gran animador del arte vernacular nacional
    1950
    In this article, the editor of the newspaper Noticias de Arequipa interviews José Sabogal on the occasion of the artist’s visit to Arequipa, and they talk about contemporary Peruvian painting and traditional art. On the former topic, Sabogal [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1289505

  • Las ideas doctrinarias y la pintura
    Acha, Juan, 1916-1995
    1958
    Juan Acha argues that national identities are based on the sense of belonging to a tradition, one which transcends and regulates the adoption of foreign models. Therefore, “nationality” rests on a balance between the continuity of what is [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1272963

  • Nacionalismo y Folklore
    Varèse, Edgard, 1883-1965
    1937
    The author of this document, Edgar Varèse, criticizes the exploitation of folklore by “highbrow music.” He agrees that the indigenous spirit of ancient cultures can certainly be a source of inspiration for artists, but considers its manipulation [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1263070

  • La decisión de un artista
    Manaure, Mateo
    1986
    With this text, Mateo Manaure announced his decision to leave the city and build a studio near his hometown of Uracoa in the state of Monagas. He says that he wants to spend more time painting and to make work with a more indigenous spirit pursuant [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1156475

  • Lo que niega un cosmopolita
    Salazar Bondy, Sebastián
    1955
    This text is writer Sebastián Salazar Bondy’s response to the criticism of artistic nationalism voiced by Luis Miró Quesada Garland in El Comercio newspaper (Lima, September 25, 1955) [see in the ICAA digital archive “En blanca y negra” ( [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1151027

  • Gran problema del arte peruano es la falta de críticos : "Xanno" : Alejandro Romualdo Valle agregó que los que escriben sobre arte son improvisados o huachafos
    Valle, Alejandro Romualdo, 1926-2008
    1951
    In this interview, Alejandro Romualdo Valle (“Xanno”) reacts to the ideological turn that the debate as to whether or not there are painters in Peru has taken. He states that the real problem facing Peruvian art “is the lack of critics.” [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1150928

  • "Julia Codesido y Sabogal son buenos pintores" : Aquilles Ralli cree, además, que muchos sólo buscan la fama por medio de la publicidad
    Ralli, Aquiles, 1925-
    1951
    Painter Aquiles Ralli rejects the comments made by Fernando de Szyszlo that became a national scandal: “there are no painters in Peru.” He juxtaposes the work of the “good artists,” those who diligently “work in silence and never advertise [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1150882

  • La "polémica de los pintores"
    Costa y Laurent, Federico
    1951
    The author, Federico Costa y Laurent, considers the discussion about nonfigurative art to be anecdotal when he states that “painting, as such, simply is.” He claims that the core issue in the debate comes down to “sincerely living the essential [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1150866

  • La exposición de la señorita Julia Codesido
    Solari, Carlos, 1883-1932
    1929
    The reviewer states that indigenist art has found “a new devotee” in Julia Codesido. Responding to her show in Lima in 1929, author Carlos Solari explains the painter has not taken a slavish stance, but rather has evolved slowly “in progressive [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1147891

  • Exposición de pintura de Julia Codesido
    López Merino, Clodoaldo
    1929
    In this text, Clodoaldo López Merino, under the pseudonym of “EGO,” asserts that even before this show of painting, Julia Codesido had consolidated her prestige as an artist. She had studied at European academies and at the Escuela Nacional de [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1147874

  • La exposición de María Izquierdo
    Pereira, Raúl María, 1916-2007
    1944
    In this text, critic Raúl Pereira asserts that the works by María Izquierdo on exhibit in Lima display “distinct personality, unquestionable artistic quality, and visual daring” as they delve into the motifs of Mexican folk art. The treatment [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1146684

  • De arte : un nuevo pintor peruano: Mario Urteaga
    Raygada, Carlos, 1898-1953
    1934
    In this text, art critic Carlos Raygada asserts that, though Mario Urteaga has never before shown his painting in the capital, his work is not that of a beginner. Raygada describes Urteaga as a self-taught artist who, because he began painting in the [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1146197

  • El arte peruano en la escuela - II
    Izcue, Elena, 1889-1970
    1929
    This is the second of the two textbooks published by Elena Izcue, which were designed to teach art based on pre-Hispanic motifs at Peruvian schools. It includes two introductory texts. The first, addressed to teachers, explains how the pedagogical [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1146115

  • El arte peruano en la escuela - I
    Izcue, Elena, 1889-1970
    1926
    Ventura García Calderón asserts in this prologue that, in Latin America, the Spanish and Indian races did not mix and that the former ignored the latter even though it was, in his view, “one of the most perfect civilizations in the world.” He [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1146099

  • Diálogo sobre el proyecto de la basílica de Santa Rosa de Lima
    Raygada, Carlos, 1898-1953; Velarde, Héctor, 1898-1989
    1939
    In his interview with Carlos Raygada, Héctor Velarde explains that his work “has consisted of coordinating and realizing the original concept” for the Basílica de Santa Rosa de Lima, while abstaining as much as possible from any alteration of [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1146066

  • Un loable esfuerzo por el arte incaico : Prólogo
    García Calderón, Ventura, 1886-1959
    1927
    This publication reproduces the prologue that Peruvian writer and diplomat Ventura García Calderón wrote to the book El arte peruano en la escuela by Peruvian artist Elena Izcue, as well as an essay by Peruvian educator Elvira García y García [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1144261

  • Notas de arte : cinco telas de Leppiani
    Solari, Carlos, 1883-1932
    1928
    In this essay, the author analyses the works created by the Peruvian painter Jorge Vinatea Reinoso in the years following his exhibition at the ENBA (Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes) in 1926, noting that, after the conclusion of the exhibition, [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1144139

  • “Mi pintura intenta expresar la vida del indio” : nos declaró ayer a su llegada de Cajamarca el artista Mario Urteaga
    1955
    The synopsis and the annotations in English are coming soon. However, our bilingual readers can click on “Español” to access this information in Spanish [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1144025

  • En el Museo Nacional : un ensayo de decoración estilo incaico
    Martínez, Alberto J.
    1921
    This article by Alberto J. Martínez discusses the use of stylized pre-Hispanic motifs to decorate one of the galleries of the Museo Nacional de Lima. In his view, “every effort to bolster a genuinely Peruvian form of artistic expression represents [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1144009

  • Las señoritas Izcue y el arte del antiguo Perú
    Larco Herrera, Rafael, 1872-1956
    1937
    This text by Rafael Larco Herrera discusses the careers of Peruvian artists Elena and Victoria Izcue. The author mentions specifically Elena’s workbook El arte peruano en la escuela, published in 1926, which earned a great deal of acclaim in Peru [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1143993

  • Una charla con Elena y Victoria Izcue, dos espíritus de calidad artística
    1939
    In this interview with the sisters Elena and Victoria Izcue, the editor states that they are “notably national artists who have known how to nobly disseminate the motives of Peruvian art abroad.” He highlights their effort in making themselves [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1143963

  • La poesía y el hombre : carta a la "Agrupación Espacio"
    Salazar Bondy, Sebastián
    1951
    Peruvian writer Sebastián Salazar Bondy sent this open letter to his fellow members of the Agrupación Espacio—a group of modern architects, artists, and writers based in Lima—from Buenos Aires. Salazar Bondy asserts that both art and thought [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1143730

  • [Letter] 1930 Julio 15, Miraflores [to] Antonino Espinosa y Saldaña
    Ibérico, Mariano, 1892-1974
    1930
    This letter by Mariano Ibérico was written at the request of painter Antonino Espinosa Saldaña. More specifically, Ibérico was asked to share his opinion on the polemic surrounding the course on Incan art given at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1143618

  • A propósito del curso de arte incaico en la Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes
    Aguirre Morales, Augusto, 1888-1957
    1930
    The author, Augusto Aguirre Morales, (who was selected by the ENBA to teach the controversial course) defends the existence of “Incan art,” using the examples conserved in museums and the testimonials of historians. He asserts that it was the [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1143537

  • A propósito del curso de arte incaico en la Escuela de Bellas Artes : carta abierta
    Espinosa Saldaña, Antonino, 1888-1969
    1930
    Painter Antonino Espinosa opens this letter questioning the pertinence of the “Arte incaico” [Incan Art] course at the ENBA—to be offered by writer Augusto Aguirre, author of the novel El pueblo del sol [The People of the Sun]—arguing that [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1143520

  • Inauguración de las clases de arte incaico en la Esc. de Bellas Artes : asistirá el Ministro de Instrucción
    1930
    This essay is on the newspaper add announcing the commencement of the Inca Art courses and studies at the ENBA (Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes) in Lima by the Peruvian writer Augusto Aguirre Morales. The studies, a program that was fully [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1143505

  • Comprobando netamente nuestro juicio y los de nuestros artistas , la Escuela de Bellas Artes, en su exposición de clausura, ha puesto de manifiesto su fracaso
    More Barrionuevo, Ernesto, 1897-1980
    1936
    Article written by Ernesto More, signed with the pseudonym Jerome, in which he criticizes the direction adopted by the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes (ENBA), based in Lima, Peru. The author affirms that ENBA was created by an oligarchic government [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1143228

  • Varios artistas opinan que es absolutamente necesario reformar los Institutos de arte en el Perú
    1935
    These statements, that were collected and published in Cascabel, a weekly newspaper in Lima, were made by the artists Francisco González Gamarra, Domingo Pantigoso and Carlos More, as well as, by the sculptors Ismael Pozo, Luis Agurto and Romano [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1143159

  • Habla Piquera Cotolí...
    Solari, Carlos, 1883-1932
    1924
    After visiting the ENBA sculpture studios in Lima, the author comments on works by Coello and Pozo, and mentions the sculptress Carmen Saco. He then interviews Manuel Piqueras Cotolí, the architect from Madrid, in whose studio he examines two works [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1141340

  • El indigenismo y el peruanismo en el arte : comentario sobre dos exposiciones recientes
    Gallagher de Parks, Mercedes, 1883-
    1941
    In this article, Mercedes Gallagher de Parks reviews two exhibitions in Lima: one consisting of works by the Indigenist painter Camilo Blas (at the Instituto Bach); the other a collection of works by the English painter Fred Stratton (at the Sociedad [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1141131

  • "La poesía de Vallejo tiene origen Breton" dice Sabogal
    Orbegozo, Manuel Jesús, 1923-
    1954
    The first part of the interview covers the start of his career and his training in Europe. After living in Buenos Aires (where he returned to his art studies), he returned to Peru in 1919. Sabogal states that “the Cuzco area cast a powerful spell [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1141080

  • La marcha de los días : José Sabogal
    Diez-Canseco, José, 1904-1949
    1940
    The synopsis and the annotations in English are coming soon. However, our bilingual readers can click on “Español” to access this information in Spanish [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140919

  • Presencia del Perú en la nueva pintura
    Rouillon, Guillermo, 1917-1978
    1943
    In his article, Guillermo Rouillón deplores the dismissal of José Sabogal from his position as director of the ENBA (Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes). According to Rouillón, Sabogal is undoubtedly “the promoter and guide of Peru’s entry into [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140838

  • Sobre la reorganización de la Esc. Nacional de Bellas Artes
    Sociedad de Bellas Artes
    1943
    This is an open letter—signed by the directors of the Sociedad de Bellas Artes del Perú—to the Minister of Public Education Enrique Laroza, that was published in the Lima newspaper La Prensa. The signatories express their agreement with the [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140803

  • La dirección de la Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes
    1943
    The signatories to this open letter addressed to the then-president of Peru, Manuel Prado, request that José Sabogal be reinstated as director of the ENBA (Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes). They point out that ever since he was appointed (in 1932 [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140784

  • La Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes
    Valcárcel, Luis E. (Luis Eduardo), 1891-1987; Palma, Clemente, 1872-1946; Gálvez, José, 1885-1957
    1943
    The synopsis and the annotations in English are coming soon. However, our bilingual readers can click on “Español” to access this information in Spanish [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140736

  • Estados Unidos en impresión de José Sabogal
    Falcón, Jorge, 1908-; Falcón, Jorge, 1908-
    1943
    The Peruvian intellectual Jorge Falcón interviews José Sabogal about his visit to several cities in the United States in 1942 at the invitation of the State Department. Sabogal admits that until then, he did not have a complete view of the [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140687

  • José Sabogal : maestro pintor
    Macera, Cesar Francisco, 1908-1964
    1941
    According to César Francisco Macera, José Sabogal’s first exhibition in Perú (Lima, 1919) had a profound impact on the country; viewers were astonished and appalled at “the new landscape” they were looking at. Sabogal responded to critiques [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140669

  • Sabogal responde un interrogatorio
    Sabogal, José, 1888-1956
    1931
    This is the responses given by José Sabogal, the founder of the Peruvian indigenous painting movement, to a questionnaire on the cultural situation in Peru. He proclaims his faith in the idea of a purely Peruvian kind of art, since it embodies “ [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140653

  • Mirando sin ver : la exposición de xilografías de José Sabogal
    Garrido, José Eulogio, 1888-1967
    1929
    The author clarifies that he has not yet been to the capital of Peru, but this has not prevented him from visiting José Sabogal’s Exhibition of Woodcut Prints in Lima time and time again. There is nothing absurd about it, says José Eulogio [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140637

  • Arte Peruano : José Sabogal
    Garrido, José Eulogio, 1888-1967
    1928
    In this article the writer and journalist José Eulogio Garrido discusses the indigenist painting of José Sabogal. Garrido describes the painter as “a man with a voice and vision of his own who expresses that voice and vision in visible ways that [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140621

  • Nuestros artistas : el triunfo del pintor José Sabogal y su próxima exposición histórica
    1921
    The author believes “there is almost no hesitation” in recognizing the genius of José Sabogal on the eve of his exhibition in 1921. Speaking in glowing terms, M. E. Mendizábal explains that Sabogal’s paintings shed light on those living in [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140604

  • La exposición Sabogal en el Country Club / Mercedes Gallagher de Parks
    Gallagher de Parks, Mercedes, 1883-
    1940
    This review, by the Peruvian essayist and art critic Mercedes Gallagher de Parks, is about the exhibition of work by José Sabogal at the Lima Country Club in 1940. The reviewer reproaches the artist, saying that “though he can paint magnificently [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140587

  • Exposición Sabogal
    Muelle, Jorge C.
    1940
    The synopsis and the annotations in English are coming soon. However, our bilingual readers can click on “Español” to access this information in Spanish [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140555

  • El significado cultural de la obra de José Sabogal
    Núñez, Estuardo, 1908-2013
    1937
    In his article about the exhibition of works by José Sabogal held at the Sociedad Filarmónica in Lima in 1937, Estuardo Núñez suggests that Sabogal’s paintings were not just the product of a particular school or trend but were required [...]
    ICAA Record ID: 1140523