The East Los Angeles-based Asco Collective was active between 1971 and 1987 and counted among its core members Harry Gamboa, Jr.; Gronk; Patssi Valdez; and William “Willie” F. Herrón III.
The Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions (LACE) Gallery was founded in 1978 by a group of artists, among them Gronk and Harry Gamboa, Jr. of the Asco Collective, with a grant from the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA). Scholar Chon A. Noriega says in his book Urban Exile: Collected Writings of Harry Gamboa Jr. (1998: 5), “LACE was perhaps the first arts center in downtown Los Angeles, appearing before the creation of the Cultural Affairs Department and MOCA [Museum of Contemporary Art].”
Ana Luisa Cardona was a member of the University of Michigan-based Raza Art and Media Collective, which was active between 1974 and 1979. During these years, RAM Collective became interested in developing a wider network of exchange and communication with other art collectives in Illinois, Texas, and California such as MARCH, Con Safo, and Asco, respectively. With regards to Asco, RAM Collective found a source of inspiration in their conceptual approach toward an alternative Chicano art. RAM Collective published the work of Asco’s artists in the third (September 1, 1976) and fourth issues (June 1, 1977) in their eponymous journal.
For additional information on Gronk and Asco see: Benavidez, Max, Gronk. Los Angeles: UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center, 2007; Kosiba-Vargas, Zaneta. “Harry Gamboa and ASCO: The Emergence and Development of a Chicano Art Group, 1971–1987” (Ph.D. diss., The University of Michigan, 1988); and the previously cited Urban Exile: Collected Writings of Harry Gamboa Jr., edited by Noriega.